Ubiquity Presstech@ubiquitypress.com20260426T152842Generated by RUA metadata exporter

ucp-94-m-15-978-0-520-29870-5030115978-0-520-29870-50610.1525/luminos.8201internal-reference9400BCB20210026in030.57in080.89948602896lb019inCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/0101The Big GambleThe Migration of Eritreans to Europe1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng002430323User DefinedSociology23User DefinedAnthropology12Europe12forced migration12multi-sited ethnography12Eritreans12immobility12protracted displacement12refugee movements12imaginaries12moral economies12transnational families010110300Tens of thousands of Eritreans make perilous voyages across Africa and the Mediterranean Sea every year. Why do they risk their lives to reach European countries where so many more hardships await them? By visiting family homes in Eritrea and living with refugees in camps and urban peripheries across Ethiopia, Sudan, and Italy, Milena Belloni untangles the reasons behind one of the most under-researched refugee populations today. Balancing encounters with refugees and their families, smugglers, and visa officers, The Big Gamble contributes to ongoing debates about blurred boundaries between forced and voluntary migration, the complications of transnational marriages, the social matrix of smuggling, and the role of family expectations, emotions, and values in migrants’ choices of destinations. “Milena Belloni’s engrossing ethnography—carried out across time, space, and place— is particularly commendable because of her scholarly commitment to ‘getting things right.’ The Eritrean women and men whose lives provided its empirical ground will see their pain, joy, and contradictions reflected back at them. This is scholar activism at its finest.” LAURA BISAILLON, Professor of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough “The Big Gamble is a study of a migrant group that has received very little scholarly attention. Its focus on the Eritrea to Europe corridor is a novel approach, and Milena Belloni has produced a compelling and courageous account.” PETER KIVISTO, Augustana College and University of Helsinki “A monumental and perceptive story of migration, taking the reader on a journey not just from Africa to Europe but through reflections on moralities, risk, and trust that are central to contemporary mobility and immobility. Belloni’s account of Eritrean migration experiences is powered by formidable fieldwork and written with warmth and wisdom.” JØRGEN CARLING, Peace Research Institute Oslo MILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.20200Tens of thousands of Eritreans make perilous voyages across Africa and the Mediterranean Sea every year. Why do they risk their lives to reach European countries where so many more hardships await them? By visiting family homes in Eritrea and living with refugees in camps and urban peripheries across Ethiopia, Sudan, and Italy, Milena Belloni untangles the reasons behind one of the most under-researched refugee populations today. Balancing encounters with refugees and their families, smugglers, and visa officers, The Big Gamble contributes to ongoing debates about blurred boundaries between forced and voluntary migration, the complications of transnational marriages, the social matrix of smuggling, and the role of family expectations, emotions, and values in migrants’ choices of destinations. “Milena Belloni’s engrossing ethnography—carried out across time, space, and place— is particularly commendable because of her scholarly commitment to ‘getting things right.’ The Eritrean women and men whose lives provided its empirical ground will see their pain, joy, and contradictions reflected back at them. This is scholar activism at its finest.” LAURA BISAILLON, Professor of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough “The Big Gamble is a study of a migrant group that has received very little scholarly attention. Its focus on the Eritrea to Europe corridor is a novel approach, and Milena Belloni has produced a compelling and courageous account.” PETER KIVISTO, Augustana College and University of Helsinki “A monumental and perceptive story of migration, taking the reader on a journey not just from Africa to Europe but through reflections on moralities, risk, and trust that are central to contemporary mobility and immobility. Belloni’s account of Eritrean migration experiences is powered by formidable fieldwork and written with warmth and wisdom.” JØRGEN CARLING, Peace Research Institute Oslo MILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.30400Introduction When Migration Becomes the Norm: Ingredients of an Ordinary Crisis Hypermobile and Immobile: Diverse Responses to Protracted Displacement in Ethiopia and Sudan An Endless Journey: Transnational and Peer Pressure in Onward Migration in Europe Moralities of Border Crossing: Inside the World of Smuggling and Transnational Marriages Entrapped: Making Sense of High-Risk Migration through Gambling Conclusion Postscript Appendix: Backstage, Notes on Methodology and Ethics43000Tens of thousands of Eritreans make perilous voyages across Africa and the Mediterranean Sea every year. Why do they risk their lives to reach European countries where so many more hardships await them? By visiting family homes in Eritrea and living with refugees in camps and urban peripheries across Ethiopia, Sudan, and Italy, Milena Belloni untangles the reasons behind one of the most under-researched refugee populations today. Balancing encounters with refugees and their families, smugglers, and visa officers, The Big Gamble contributes to ongoing debates about blurred boundaries between forced and voluntary migration, the complications of transnational marriages, the social matrix of smuggling, and the role of family expectations, emotions, and values in migrants’ choices of destinations. “Milena Belloni’s engrossing ethnography—carried out across time, space, and place— is particularly commendable because of her scholarly commitment to ‘getting things right.’ The Eritrean women and men whose lives provided its empirical ground will see their pain, joy, and contradictions reflected back at them. This is scholar activism at its finest.” LAURA BISAILLON, Professor of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough “The Big Gamble is a study of a migrant group that has received very little scholarly attention. Its focus on the Eritrea to Europe corridor is a novel approach, and Milena Belloni has produced a compelling and courageous account.” PETER KIVISTO, Augustana College and University of Helsinki “A monumental and perceptive story of migration, taking the reader on a journey not just from Africa to Europe but through reflections on moralities, risk, and trust that are central to contemporary mobility and immobility. Belloni’s account of Eritrean migration experiences is powered by formidable fieldwork and written with warmth and wisdom.” JØRGEN CARLING, Peace Research Institute Oslo MILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.52000Open Access01000302https://storage.googleapis.com/rua-ucp/files/media/cover_images/bbf16338-f22c-4959-923c-d5e54339a1e8.png1030610.1525/luminos.82.aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Introduction1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12refugee and forced migration studies12refugees’ agency12Eritrea12cosmologies of destinations12imaginaries12migration trajectories12protracted crisis12asylum regime12protracted displacement12multi-sited ethnography12000Open Access2030610.1525/luminos.82.bCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101When Migration Becomes the Norm: Ingredients of an Ordinary Crisis1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12aspirations12culture of migration12imaginaries12cosmologies12transnational families12youth12Eritrea12immobility12stratification of mobility12chronic crisis12000Open Access3030610.1525/luminos.82.cCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Hypermobile and Immobile: Diverse Responses to Protracted Displacement in Ethiopia and Sudan1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12protracted displacement12refugee camps12Ethiopia12Sudan12immobility12urban refugees12aspirations12onwards mobility12emotional energy12transnational family networks12000Open Access4030610.1525/luminos.82.dCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101An Endless Journey: Transnational and Peer Pressure in Onward Migration in Europe1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12secondary movements12Dublin Regulation12squats12refugees’ families12social expectations12peer pressure12Italy12transnationalism12moral economies12cosmologies12000Open Access5030610.1525/luminos.82.eCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Moralities of Border Crossing: Inside the World of Smuggling and Transnational Marriages1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12moralities12borders12irregular migration12transnational marriages12gender12visa bureaucracy12smugglers12Ethiopia12Sudan12social embeddedness12000Open Access6030610.1525/luminos.82.fCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Entrapped: Making Sense of High-Risk Migration through Gambling1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12Eritreans12entrapment12gamblers12immobility12onwards migration12high-risk migration12decision-making12transnational family networks12journeys12000Open Access7030610.1525/luminos.82.gCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Conclusion1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12emotions12imagination12forced migration12immobility12protracted displacement12moral economies12cosmologies of destinations12stratification of mobility12onwards mobility12entrapment12transnational networks12000Open Access8030610.1525/luminos.82.hCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Postscript1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12000Open Access9030610.1525/luminos.82.iCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Appendix: Backstage, Notes on Methodology and Ethics1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12vulnerable populations12fieldwork access12power dynamics12gender12researcher’s positionality12dangerous fieldworks12accountability12trust12ethnography12000Open Access01URLhttps://www.luminosoa.orgUniversity of California Press01University of California Press01Publisher’s corporate websitehttps://www.luminosoa.org02Publisher’s website for a specified workhttps://www.luminosoa.org/books/m/10.1525/luminos.82California040120191217The Author(s)02WORLD0615978-0-520-97075-50615978-0-520-97075-50615978-0-520-97075-5WORLD11Unknown20082019121708ucp-94-m-15-978-0-520-97075-5030115978-0-520-97075-50610.1525/luminos.8201internal-reference9400EBE10710Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/0101The Big GambleThe Migration of Eritreans to Europe1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng002430323User DefinedSociology23User DefinedAnthropology12Europe12forced migration12multi-sited ethnography12Eritreans12immobility12protracted displacement12refugee movements12imaginaries12moral economies12transnational families010110300Tens of thousands of Eritreans make perilous voyages across Africa and the Mediterranean Sea every year. Why do they risk their lives to reach European countries where so many more hardships await them? By visiting family homes in Eritrea and living with refugees in camps and urban peripheries across Ethiopia, Sudan, and Italy, Milena Belloni untangles the reasons behind one of the most under-researched refugee populations today. Balancing encounters with refugees and their families, smugglers, and visa officers, The Big Gamble contributes to ongoing debates about blurred boundaries between forced and voluntary migration, the complications of transnational marriages, the social matrix of smuggling, and the role of family expectations, emotions, and values in migrants’ choices of destinations. “Milena Belloni’s engrossing ethnography—carried out across time, space, and place— is particularly commendable because of her scholarly commitment to ‘getting things right.’ The Eritrean women and men whose lives provided its empirical ground will see their pain, joy, and contradictions reflected back at them. This is scholar activism at its finest.” LAURA BISAILLON, Professor of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough “The Big Gamble is a study of a migrant group that has received very little scholarly attention. Its focus on the Eritrea to Europe corridor is a novel approach, and Milena Belloni has produced a compelling and courageous account.” PETER KIVISTO, Augustana College and University of Helsinki “A monumental and perceptive story of migration, taking the reader on a journey not just from Africa to Europe but through reflections on moralities, risk, and trust that are central to contemporary mobility and immobility. Belloni’s account of Eritrean migration experiences is powered by formidable fieldwork and written with warmth and wisdom.” JØRGEN CARLING, Peace Research Institute Oslo MILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.20200Tens of thousands of Eritreans make perilous voyages across Africa and the Mediterranean Sea every year. Why do they risk their lives to reach European countries where so many more hardships await them? By visiting family homes in Eritrea and living with refugees in camps and urban peripheries across Ethiopia, Sudan, and Italy, Milena Belloni untangles the reasons behind one of the most under-researched refugee populations today. Balancing encounters with refugees and their families, smugglers, and visa officers, The Big Gamble contributes to ongoing debates about blurred boundaries between forced and voluntary migration, the complications of transnational marriages, the social matrix of smuggling, and the role of family expectations, emotions, and values in migrants’ choices of destinations. “Milena Belloni’s engrossing ethnography—carried out across time, space, and place— is particularly commendable because of her scholarly commitment to ‘getting things right.’ The Eritrean women and men whose lives provided its empirical ground will see their pain, joy, and contradictions reflected back at them. This is scholar activism at its finest.” LAURA BISAILLON, Professor of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough “The Big Gamble is a study of a migrant group that has received very little scholarly attention. Its focus on the Eritrea to Europe corridor is a novel approach, and Milena Belloni has produced a compelling and courageous account.” PETER KIVISTO, Augustana College and University of Helsinki “A monumental and perceptive story of migration, taking the reader on a journey not just from Africa to Europe but through reflections on moralities, risk, and trust that are central to contemporary mobility and immobility. Belloni’s account of Eritrean migration experiences is powered by formidable fieldwork and written with warmth and wisdom.” JØRGEN CARLING, Peace Research Institute Oslo MILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.30400Introduction When Migration Becomes the Norm: Ingredients of an Ordinary Crisis Hypermobile and Immobile: Diverse Responses to Protracted Displacement in Ethiopia and Sudan An Endless Journey: Transnational and Peer Pressure in Onward Migration in Europe Moralities of Border Crossing: Inside the World of Smuggling and Transnational Marriages Entrapped: Making Sense of High-Risk Migration through Gambling Conclusion Postscript Appendix: Backstage, Notes on Methodology and Ethics43000Tens of thousands of Eritreans make perilous voyages across Africa and the Mediterranean Sea every year. Why do they risk their lives to reach European countries where so many more hardships await them? By visiting family homes in Eritrea and living with refugees in camps and urban peripheries across Ethiopia, Sudan, and Italy, Milena Belloni untangles the reasons behind one of the most under-researched refugee populations today. Balancing encounters with refugees and their families, smugglers, and visa officers, The Big Gamble contributes to ongoing debates about blurred boundaries between forced and voluntary migration, the complications of transnational marriages, the social matrix of smuggling, and the role of family expectations, emotions, and values in migrants’ choices of destinations. “Milena Belloni’s engrossing ethnography—carried out across time, space, and place— is particularly commendable because of her scholarly commitment to ‘getting things right.’ The Eritrean women and men whose lives provided its empirical ground will see their pain, joy, and contradictions reflected back at them. This is scholar activism at its finest.” LAURA BISAILLON, Professor of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough “The Big Gamble is a study of a migrant group that has received very little scholarly attention. Its focus on the Eritrea to Europe corridor is a novel approach, and Milena Belloni has produced a compelling and courageous account.” PETER KIVISTO, Augustana College and University of Helsinki “A monumental and perceptive story of migration, taking the reader on a journey not just from Africa to Europe but through reflections on moralities, risk, and trust that are central to contemporary mobility and immobility. Belloni’s account of Eritrean migration experiences is powered by formidable fieldwork and written with warmth and wisdom.” JØRGEN CARLING, Peace Research Institute Oslo MILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.52000Open Access01000302https://storage.googleapis.com/rua-ucp/files/media/cover_images/bbf16338-f22c-4959-923c-d5e54339a1e8.png1030610.1525/luminos.82.aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Introduction1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12refugee and forced migration studies12refugees’ agency12Eritrea12cosmologies of destinations12imaginaries12migration trajectories12protracted crisis12asylum regime12protracted displacement12multi-sited ethnography12000Open Access2030610.1525/luminos.82.bCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101When Migration Becomes the Norm: Ingredients of an Ordinary Crisis1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12aspirations12culture of migration12imaginaries12cosmologies12transnational families12youth12Eritrea12immobility12stratification of mobility12chronic crisis12000Open Access3030610.1525/luminos.82.cCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Hypermobile and Immobile: Diverse Responses to Protracted Displacement in Ethiopia and Sudan1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12protracted displacement12refugee camps12Ethiopia12Sudan12immobility12urban refugees12aspirations12onwards mobility12emotional energy12transnational family networks12000Open Access4030610.1525/luminos.82.dCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101An Endless Journey: Transnational and Peer Pressure in Onward Migration in Europe1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12secondary movements12Dublin Regulation12squats12refugees’ families12social expectations12peer pressure12Italy12transnationalism12moral economies12cosmologies12000Open Access5030610.1525/luminos.82.eCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Moralities of Border Crossing: Inside the World of Smuggling and Transnational Marriages1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12moralities12borders12irregular migration12transnational marriages12gender12visa bureaucracy12smugglers12Ethiopia12Sudan12social embeddedness12000Open Access6030610.1525/luminos.82.fCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Entrapped: Making Sense of High-Risk Migration through Gambling1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12Eritreans12entrapment12gamblers12immobility12onwards migration12high-risk migration12decision-making12transnational family networks12journeys12000Open Access7030610.1525/luminos.82.gCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Conclusion1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12emotions12imagination12forced migration12immobility12protracted displacement12moral economies12cosmologies of destinations12stratification of mobility12onwards mobility12entrapment12transnational networks12000Open Access8030610.1525/luminos.82.hCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Postscript1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12000Open Access9030610.1525/luminos.82.iCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Appendix: Backstage, Notes on Methodology and Ethics1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12vulnerable populations12fieldwork access12power dynamics12gender12researcher’s positionality12dangerous fieldworks12accountability12trust12ethnography12000Open Access01URLhttps://www.luminosoa.orgUniversity of California Press01University of California Press01Publisher’s corporate websitehttps://www.luminosoa.org02Publisher’s website for a specified workhttps://www.luminosoa.org/books/m/10.1525/luminos.82California040120191217The Author(s)02WORLD0615978-0-520-29870-5WORLD11Unknown36Supplier’s website for a specified workhttps://www.luminosoa.org29Supplier’s website: download the titlehttps://www.luminosoa.org/books/94/files/208d8c5d-eebb-410b-8731-6b6c4558d963.pdf20082019121701ucp-94-m-15-978-0-520-97075-5030115978-0-520-97075-50610.1525/luminos.8201internal-reference9400EBE10110Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/0101The Big GambleThe Migration of Eritreans to Europe1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng002430323User DefinedSociology23User DefinedAnthropology12Europe12forced migration12multi-sited ethnography12Eritreans12immobility12protracted displacement12refugee movements12imaginaries12moral economies12transnational families010110300Tens of thousands of Eritreans make perilous voyages across Africa and the Mediterranean Sea every year. Why do they risk their lives to reach European countries where so many more hardships await them? By visiting family homes in Eritrea and living with refugees in camps and urban peripheries across Ethiopia, Sudan, and Italy, Milena Belloni untangles the reasons behind one of the most under-researched refugee populations today. Balancing encounters with refugees and their families, smugglers, and visa officers, The Big Gamble contributes to ongoing debates about blurred boundaries between forced and voluntary migration, the complications of transnational marriages, the social matrix of smuggling, and the role of family expectations, emotions, and values in migrants’ choices of destinations. “Milena Belloni’s engrossing ethnography—carried out across time, space, and place— is particularly commendable because of her scholarly commitment to ‘getting things right.’ The Eritrean women and men whose lives provided its empirical ground will see their pain, joy, and contradictions reflected back at them. This is scholar activism at its finest.” LAURA BISAILLON, Professor of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough “The Big Gamble is a study of a migrant group that has received very little scholarly attention. Its focus on the Eritrea to Europe corridor is a novel approach, and Milena Belloni has produced a compelling and courageous account.” PETER KIVISTO, Augustana College and University of Helsinki “A monumental and perceptive story of migration, taking the reader on a journey not just from Africa to Europe but through reflections on moralities, risk, and trust that are central to contemporary mobility and immobility. Belloni’s account of Eritrean migration experiences is powered by formidable fieldwork and written with warmth and wisdom.” JØRGEN CARLING, Peace Research Institute Oslo MILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.20200Tens of thousands of Eritreans make perilous voyages across Africa and the Mediterranean Sea every year. Why do they risk their lives to reach European countries where so many more hardships await them? By visiting family homes in Eritrea and living with refugees in camps and urban peripheries across Ethiopia, Sudan, and Italy, Milena Belloni untangles the reasons behind one of the most under-researched refugee populations today. Balancing encounters with refugees and their families, smugglers, and visa officers, The Big Gamble contributes to ongoing debates about blurred boundaries between forced and voluntary migration, the complications of transnational marriages, the social matrix of smuggling, and the role of family expectations, emotions, and values in migrants’ choices of destinations. “Milena Belloni’s engrossing ethnography—carried out across time, space, and place— is particularly commendable because of her scholarly commitment to ‘getting things right.’ The Eritrean women and men whose lives provided its empirical ground will see their pain, joy, and contradictions reflected back at them. This is scholar activism at its finest.” LAURA BISAILLON, Professor of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough “The Big Gamble is a study of a migrant group that has received very little scholarly attention. Its focus on the Eritrea to Europe corridor is a novel approach, and Milena Belloni has produced a compelling and courageous account.” PETER KIVISTO, Augustana College and University of Helsinki “A monumental and perceptive story of migration, taking the reader on a journey not just from Africa to Europe but through reflections on moralities, risk, and trust that are central to contemporary mobility and immobility. Belloni’s account of Eritrean migration experiences is powered by formidable fieldwork and written with warmth and wisdom.” JØRGEN CARLING, Peace Research Institute Oslo MILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.30400Introduction When Migration Becomes the Norm: Ingredients of an Ordinary Crisis Hypermobile and Immobile: Diverse Responses to Protracted Displacement in Ethiopia and Sudan An Endless Journey: Transnational and Peer Pressure in Onward Migration in Europe Moralities of Border Crossing: Inside the World of Smuggling and Transnational Marriages Entrapped: Making Sense of High-Risk Migration through Gambling Conclusion Postscript Appendix: Backstage, Notes on Methodology and Ethics43000Tens of thousands of Eritreans make perilous voyages across Africa and the Mediterranean Sea every year. Why do they risk their lives to reach European countries where so many more hardships await them? By visiting family homes in Eritrea and living with refugees in camps and urban peripheries across Ethiopia, Sudan, and Italy, Milena Belloni untangles the reasons behind one of the most under-researched refugee populations today. Balancing encounters with refugees and their families, smugglers, and visa officers, The Big Gamble contributes to ongoing debates about blurred boundaries between forced and voluntary migration, the complications of transnational marriages, the social matrix of smuggling, and the role of family expectations, emotions, and values in migrants’ choices of destinations. “Milena Belloni’s engrossing ethnography—carried out across time, space, and place— is particularly commendable because of her scholarly commitment to ‘getting things right.’ The Eritrean women and men whose lives provided its empirical ground will see their pain, joy, and contradictions reflected back at them. This is scholar activism at its finest.” LAURA BISAILLON, Professor of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough “The Big Gamble is a study of a migrant group that has received very little scholarly attention. Its focus on the Eritrea to Europe corridor is a novel approach, and Milena Belloni has produced a compelling and courageous account.” PETER KIVISTO, Augustana College and University of Helsinki “A monumental and perceptive story of migration, taking the reader on a journey not just from Africa to Europe but through reflections on moralities, risk, and trust that are central to contemporary mobility and immobility. Belloni’s account of Eritrean migration experiences is powered by formidable fieldwork and written with warmth and wisdom.” JØRGEN CARLING, Peace Research Institute Oslo MILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.52000Open Access01000302https://storage.googleapis.com/rua-ucp/files/media/cover_images/bbf16338-f22c-4959-923c-d5e54339a1e8.png1030610.1525/luminos.82.aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Introduction1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12refugee and forced migration studies12refugees’ agency12Eritrea12cosmologies of destinations12imaginaries12migration trajectories12protracted crisis12asylum regime12protracted displacement12multi-sited ethnography12000Open Access2030610.1525/luminos.82.bCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101When Migration Becomes the Norm: Ingredients of an Ordinary Crisis1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12aspirations12culture of migration12imaginaries12cosmologies12transnational families12youth12Eritrea12immobility12stratification of mobility12chronic crisis12000Open Access3030610.1525/luminos.82.cCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Hypermobile and Immobile: Diverse Responses to Protracted Displacement in Ethiopia and Sudan1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12protracted displacement12refugee camps12Ethiopia12Sudan12immobility12urban refugees12aspirations12onwards mobility12emotional energy12transnational family networks12000Open Access4030610.1525/luminos.82.dCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101An Endless Journey: Transnational and Peer Pressure in Onward Migration in Europe1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12secondary movements12Dublin Regulation12squats12refugees’ families12social expectations12peer pressure12Italy12transnationalism12moral economies12cosmologies12000Open Access5030610.1525/luminos.82.eCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Moralities of Border Crossing: Inside the World of Smuggling and Transnational Marriages1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12moralities12borders12irregular migration12transnational marriages12gender12visa bureaucracy12smugglers12Ethiopia12Sudan12social embeddedness12000Open Access6030610.1525/luminos.82.fCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Entrapped: Making Sense of High-Risk Migration through Gambling1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12Eritreans12entrapment12gamblers12immobility12onwards migration12high-risk migration12decision-making12transnational family networks12journeys12000Open Access7030610.1525/luminos.82.gCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Conclusion1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12emotions12imagination12forced migration12immobility12protracted displacement12moral economies12cosmologies of destinations12stratification of mobility12onwards mobility12entrapment12transnational networks12000Open Access8030610.1525/luminos.82.hCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Postscript1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12000Open Access9030610.1525/luminos.82.iCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Appendix: Backstage, Notes on Methodology and Ethics1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12vulnerable populations12fieldwork access12power dynamics12gender12researcher’s positionality12dangerous fieldworks12accountability12trust12ethnography12000Open Access01URLhttps://www.luminosoa.orgUniversity of California Press01University of California Press01Publisher’s corporate websitehttps://www.luminosoa.org02Publisher’s website for a specified workhttps://www.luminosoa.org/books/m/10.1525/luminos.82California040120191217The Author(s)02WORLD0615978-0-520-29870-5WORLD11Unknown36Supplier’s website for a specified workhttps://www.luminosoa.org29Supplier’s website: download the titlehttps://www.luminosoa.org/books/94/files/a39de157-2a4f-4ce8-abd7-cc12a45f5414.epub20082019121701ucp-94-m-15-978-0-520-97075-5030115978-0-520-97075-50610.1525/luminos.8201internal-reference9400EDE12110Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/0101The Big GambleThe Migration of Eritreans to Europe1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng002430323User DefinedSociology23User DefinedAnthropology12Europe12forced migration12multi-sited ethnography12Eritreans12immobility12protracted displacement12refugee movements12imaginaries12moral economies12transnational families010110300Tens of thousands of Eritreans make perilous voyages across Africa and the Mediterranean Sea every year. Why do they risk their lives to reach European countries where so many more hardships await them? By visiting family homes in Eritrea and living with refugees in camps and urban peripheries across Ethiopia, Sudan, and Italy, Milena Belloni untangles the reasons behind one of the most under-researched refugee populations today. Balancing encounters with refugees and their families, smugglers, and visa officers, The Big Gamble contributes to ongoing debates about blurred boundaries between forced and voluntary migration, the complications of transnational marriages, the social matrix of smuggling, and the role of family expectations, emotions, and values in migrants’ choices of destinations. “Milena Belloni’s engrossing ethnography—carried out across time, space, and place— is particularly commendable because of her scholarly commitment to ‘getting things right.’ The Eritrean women and men whose lives provided its empirical ground will see their pain, joy, and contradictions reflected back at them. This is scholar activism at its finest.” LAURA BISAILLON, Professor of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough “The Big Gamble is a study of a migrant group that has received very little scholarly attention. Its focus on the Eritrea to Europe corridor is a novel approach, and Milena Belloni has produced a compelling and courageous account.” PETER KIVISTO, Augustana College and University of Helsinki “A monumental and perceptive story of migration, taking the reader on a journey not just from Africa to Europe but through reflections on moralities, risk, and trust that are central to contemporary mobility and immobility. Belloni’s account of Eritrean migration experiences is powered by formidable fieldwork and written with warmth and wisdom.” JØRGEN CARLING, Peace Research Institute Oslo MILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.20200Tens of thousands of Eritreans make perilous voyages across Africa and the Mediterranean Sea every year. Why do they risk their lives to reach European countries where so many more hardships await them? By visiting family homes in Eritrea and living with refugees in camps and urban peripheries across Ethiopia, Sudan, and Italy, Milena Belloni untangles the reasons behind one of the most under-researched refugee populations today. Balancing encounters with refugees and their families, smugglers, and visa officers, The Big Gamble contributes to ongoing debates about blurred boundaries between forced and voluntary migration, the complications of transnational marriages, the social matrix of smuggling, and the role of family expectations, emotions, and values in migrants’ choices of destinations. “Milena Belloni’s engrossing ethnography—carried out across time, space, and place— is particularly commendable because of her scholarly commitment to ‘getting things right.’ The Eritrean women and men whose lives provided its empirical ground will see their pain, joy, and contradictions reflected back at them. This is scholar activism at its finest.” LAURA BISAILLON, Professor of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough “The Big Gamble is a study of a migrant group that has received very little scholarly attention. Its focus on the Eritrea to Europe corridor is a novel approach, and Milena Belloni has produced a compelling and courageous account.” PETER KIVISTO, Augustana College and University of Helsinki “A monumental and perceptive story of migration, taking the reader on a journey not just from Africa to Europe but through reflections on moralities, risk, and trust that are central to contemporary mobility and immobility. Belloni’s account of Eritrean migration experiences is powered by formidable fieldwork and written with warmth and wisdom.” JØRGEN CARLING, Peace Research Institute Oslo MILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.30400Introduction When Migration Becomes the Norm: Ingredients of an Ordinary Crisis Hypermobile and Immobile: Diverse Responses to Protracted Displacement in Ethiopia and Sudan An Endless Journey: Transnational and Peer Pressure in Onward Migration in Europe Moralities of Border Crossing: Inside the World of Smuggling and Transnational Marriages Entrapped: Making Sense of High-Risk Migration through Gambling Conclusion Postscript Appendix: Backstage, Notes on Methodology and Ethics43000Tens of thousands of Eritreans make perilous voyages across Africa and the Mediterranean Sea every year. Why do they risk their lives to reach European countries where so many more hardships await them? By visiting family homes in Eritrea and living with refugees in camps and urban peripheries across Ethiopia, Sudan, and Italy, Milena Belloni untangles the reasons behind one of the most under-researched refugee populations today. Balancing encounters with refugees and their families, smugglers, and visa officers, The Big Gamble contributes to ongoing debates about blurred boundaries between forced and voluntary migration, the complications of transnational marriages, the social matrix of smuggling, and the role of family expectations, emotions, and values in migrants’ choices of destinations. “Milena Belloni’s engrossing ethnography—carried out across time, space, and place— is particularly commendable because of her scholarly commitment to ‘getting things right.’ The Eritrean women and men whose lives provided its empirical ground will see their pain, joy, and contradictions reflected back at them. This is scholar activism at its finest.” LAURA BISAILLON, Professor of Health and Society, University of Toronto Scarborough “The Big Gamble is a study of a migrant group that has received very little scholarly attention. Its focus on the Eritrea to Europe corridor is a novel approach, and Milena Belloni has produced a compelling and courageous account.” PETER KIVISTO, Augustana College and University of Helsinki “A monumental and perceptive story of migration, taking the reader on a journey not just from Africa to Europe but through reflections on moralities, risk, and trust that are central to contemporary mobility and immobility. Belloni’s account of Eritrean migration experiences is powered by formidable fieldwork and written with warmth and wisdom.” JØRGEN CARLING, Peace Research Institute Oslo MILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.52000Open Access01000302https://storage.googleapis.com/rua-ucp/files/media/cover_images/bbf16338-f22c-4959-923c-d5e54339a1e8.png1030610.1525/luminos.82.aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Introduction1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12refugee and forced migration studies12refugees’ agency12Eritrea12cosmologies of destinations12imaginaries12migration trajectories12protracted crisis12asylum regime12protracted displacement12multi-sited ethnography12000Open Access2030610.1525/luminos.82.bCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101When Migration Becomes the Norm: Ingredients of an Ordinary Crisis1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12aspirations12culture of migration12imaginaries12cosmologies12transnational families12youth12Eritrea12immobility12stratification of mobility12chronic crisis12000Open Access3030610.1525/luminos.82.cCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Hypermobile and Immobile: Diverse Responses to Protracted Displacement in Ethiopia and Sudan1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12protracted displacement12refugee camps12Ethiopia12Sudan12immobility12urban refugees12aspirations12onwards mobility12emotional energy12transnational family networks12000Open Access4030610.1525/luminos.82.dCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101An Endless Journey: Transnational and Peer Pressure in Onward Migration in Europe1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12secondary movements12Dublin Regulation12squats12refugees’ families12social expectations12peer pressure12Italy12transnationalism12moral economies12cosmologies12000Open Access5030610.1525/luminos.82.eCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Moralities of Border Crossing: Inside the World of Smuggling and Transnational Marriages1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12moralities12borders12irregular migration12transnational marriages12gender12visa bureaucracy12smugglers12Ethiopia12Sudan12social embeddedness12000Open Access6030610.1525/luminos.82.fCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Entrapped: Making Sense of High-Risk Migration through Gambling1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12Eritreans12entrapment12gamblers12immobility12onwards migration12high-risk migration12decision-making12transnational family networks12journeys12000Open Access7030610.1525/luminos.82.gCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Conclusion1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12emotions12imagination12forced migration12immobility12protracted displacement12moral economies12cosmologies of destinations12stratification of mobility12onwards mobility12entrapment12transnational networks12000Open Access8030610.1525/luminos.82.hCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Postscript1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12000Open Access9030610.1525/luminos.82.iCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Appendix: Backstage, Notes on Methodology and Ethics1A01Milena BelloniMilenaBelloniUniversity of TrentoMILENA BELLONI is a sociologist at the University of Trento. Her doctoral research on Eritrean migration received the 2016 IMISCOE Award. Belloni has published in the Journal of Refugee Studies and the Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies.01eng12vulnerable populations12fieldwork access12power dynamics12gender12researcher’s positionality12dangerous fieldworks12accountability12trust12ethnography12000Open Access01URLhttps://www.luminosoa.orgUniversity of California Press01University of California Press01Publisher’s corporate websitehttps://www.luminosoa.org02Publisher’s website for a specified workhttps://www.luminosoa.org/books/m/10.1525/luminos.82California040120191217The Author(s)02WORLD0615978-0-520-29870-5WORLD11Unknown36Supplier’s website for a specified workhttps://www.luminosoa.org29Supplier’s website: download the titlehttps://www.luminosoa.org/books/94/files/d0313446-31fc-4fcd-87c3-b0258167675e.mobi20082019121701