Ubiquity Presstech@ubiquitypress.com20260404T115138Generated by RUA metadata exporterucp-102-m-15-978-0-520-97575-0030115978-0-520-97575-00610.1525/luminos.8701internal-reference10200EBE10710Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/0101Translating WisdomHindu-Muslim Intellectual Interactions in Early Modern South Asia1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng002780323User DefinedReligion23User DefinedAsian Studies12Yoga Vāsiṣṭha12South Asia12translation Indian philosophy12Hinduism12Islam12Sufism12Sanskrit12Arabic12Persian010110300<p>During the height of Muslim power in Mughal South Asia, Hindu and Muslim scholars worked collaboratively to translate a large body of Hindu Sanskrit texts into the Persian language. <i>Translating Wisdom</i> reconstructs the intellectual processes that underlay these translations. Using as a case study the 1597 Persian rendition of the Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha—an influential and popular Sanskrit philosophical tale—Shankar Nair illustrates how these early modern scholars drew upon their respective traditions to forge a common vocabulary through which to understand one another. These scholars thus achieved, Nair argues, a nuanced cultural exchange significant not only to South Asia’s past but also its present.</p><p>“An erudite and valuable contribution. Nair’s deep linguistic and philosophical expertise illuminates the writings of three important if overlooked seventeenth-century thinkers.” Supriya Gandhi, author of <i>The Emperor Who Never Was: Dara Shukoh in Mughal India</i></p><p>“Nair exhibits a breathtaking command of languages, textual traditions, and intellectual cultures in this pioneering study of the crisscrossing of Sanskrit, Persian, and Arabic cultural jet streams in sixteenth-century India.” Jonardon Ganeri, author of <i>The Lost Age of Reason: Philosophy in Early Modern India 1450–1700</i></p><p>“Shankar Nair examines a pivotal work of Mughal translation and shows how it channels huge vortexes of Islamic and Hindu intellectual culture. A masterwork.” John Stratton Hawley, author of <i>A Storm of Songs: India and the Idea of the Bhakti Movement</i></p><p>“A welcome addition to the history of Hindu and Islamic interactions in early modern India, highlighting the subtleties of translation and the painstaking creation of a vocabulary important for both religions.” Francis X. Clooney, Parkman Professor of Divinity, Harvard University</p><p>Shankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.</p>20200<p>During the height of Muslim power in Mughal South Asia, Hindu and Muslim scholars worked collaboratively to translate a large body of Hindu Sanskrit texts into the Persian language. <i>Translating Wisdom</i> reconstructs the intellectual processes that underlay these translations. Using as a case study the 1597 Persian rendition of the Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha—an influential and popular Sanskrit philosophical tale—Shankar Nair illustrates how these early modern scholars drew upon their respective traditions to forge a common vocabulary through which to understand one another. These scholars thus achieved, Nair argues, a nuanced cultural exchange significant not only to South Asia’s past but also its present.</p><p>“An erudite and valuable contribution. Nair’s deep linguistic and philosophical expertise illuminates the writings of three important if overlooked seventeenth-century thinkers.” Supriya Gandhi, author of <i>The Emperor Who Never Was: Dara Shukoh in Mughal India</i></p><p>“Nair exhibits a breathtaking command of languages, textual traditions, and intellectual cultures in this pioneering study of the crisscrossing of Sanskrit, Persian, and Arabic cultural jet streams in sixteenth-century India.” Jonardon Ganeri, author of <i>The Lost Age of Reason: Philosophy in Early Modern India 1450–1700</i></p><p>“Shankar Nair examines a pivotal work of Mughal translation and shows how it channels huge vortexes of Islamic and Hindu intellectual culture. A masterwork.” John Stratton Hawley, author of <i>A Storm of Songs: India and the Idea of the Bhakti Movement</i></p><p>“A welcome addition to the history of Hindu and Islamic interactions in early modern India, highlighting the subtleties of translation and the painstaking creation of a vocabulary important for both religions.” Francis X. Clooney, Parkman Professor of Divinity, Harvard University</p><p>Shankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.</p>30400Introduction
The Laghu-Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha and Its Persian Translation
Madhusūdana Sarasvatī and the Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha
Muḥibb Allāh Ilāhābādī and an Islamic Framework for Religious Diversity
Mīr Findiriskī and the Jūg Bāsisht
A Confluence of Traditions: The Jūg Bāsisht Revisited
Conclusion43000<p>During the height of Muslim power in Mughal South Asia, Hindu and Muslim scholars worked collaboratively to translate a large body of Hindu Sanskrit texts into the Persian language. <i>Translating Wisdom</i> reconstructs the intellectual processes that underlay these translations. Using as a case study the 1597 Persian rendition of the Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha—an influential and popular Sanskrit philosophical tale—Shankar Nair illustrates how these early modern scholars drew upon their respective traditions to forge a common vocabulary through which to understand one another. These scholars thus achieved, Nair argues, a nuanced cultural exchange significant not only to South Asia’s past but also its present.</p><p>“An erudite and valuable contribution. Nair’s deep linguistic and philosophical expertise illuminates the writings of three important if overlooked seventeenth-century thinkers.” Supriya Gandhi, author of <i>The Emperor Who Never Was: Dara Shukoh in Mughal India</i></p><p>“Nair exhibits a breathtaking command of languages, textual traditions, and intellectual cultures in this pioneering study of the crisscrossing of Sanskrit, Persian, and Arabic cultural jet streams in sixteenth-century India.” Jonardon Ganeri, author of <i>The Lost Age of Reason: Philosophy in Early Modern India 1450–1700</i></p><p>“Shankar Nair examines a pivotal work of Mughal translation and shows how it channels huge vortexes of Islamic and Hindu intellectual culture. A masterwork.” John Stratton Hawley, author of <i>A Storm of Songs: India and the Idea of the Bhakti Movement</i></p><p>“A welcome addition to the history of Hindu and Islamic interactions in early modern India, highlighting the subtleties of translation and the painstaking creation of a vocabulary important for both religions.” Francis X. Clooney, Parkman Professor of Divinity, Harvard University</p><p>Shankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.</p>52000Open Access01000302https://storage.googleapis.com/rua-ucp/files/media/cover_images/7538c50c-26ac-4d48-84d0-01ed17501b05.png1030610.1525/luminos.87.aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Introduction1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng12Religious Studies12Hinduism12Islam12religious interactions12intellectual cultures12network theory12historiography12000Open Access2030610.1525/luminos.87.bCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101The Laghu-Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha and Its Persian Translation1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng12Laghu Yoga Vāsiṣṭha12Jūg Bāsisht12Mughal Empire12translation12Kashmir Śaivism12Indian philosophy12000Open Access3030610.1525/luminos.87.cCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Madhusūdana Sarasvatī and the Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng12Madhusūdana Sarasvatī12Indian philosophy12Advaita Vedānta12Hinduism12Yoga Vāsiṣṭha12000Open Access4030610.1525/luminos.87.dCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Muḥibb Allāh Ilāhābādī and an Islamic Framework for Religious Diversity1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng12Muḥibb Allāh Ilāhābādī12Ibn al-‘Arabī12philosophical Sufism12Islamic philosophy12waḥdat al-wujūd12religious diversity12Mughal Empire12000Open Access5030610.1525/luminos.87.eCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Mīr Findiriskī and the Jūg Bāsisht1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng12Mīr Findiriskī12Jūg Bāsisht12Islamic philosophy12Peripatetic philosophy12Sufism12Safavid Empire12Mughal Empire12000Open Access6030610.1525/luminos.87.fCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101A Confluence of Traditions: The Jūg Bāsisht Revisited1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng12Laghu Yoga Vāsiṣṭha12Jūg Bāsisht12Mughal Empire12translation theory12Indian philosophy12Islamic philosophy12Sanskrit12Persian12Arabic12000Open Access7030610.1525/luminos.87.gCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Conclusion1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng12Religious Studies12cross-cultural philosophy12interreligious dialogue12Mughal Empire12translation12Orientalism12postcolonial theory12000Open Access01URLhttps://www.luminosoa.orgUniversity of California Press01University of California Press01Publisher’s corporate websitehttps://www.luminosoa.org02Publisher’s website for a specified workhttps://www.luminosoa.org/books/m/10.1525/luminos.87California040120200428The Author(s)02WORLD0615978-0-520-34568-3WORLD11Unknown36Supplier’s website for a specified workhttps://www.luminosoa.org29Supplier’s website: download the titlehttps://www.luminosoa.org/books/102/files/ef5299f8-ffb9-4bb6-9c7e-ef0ae7de428c.pdf20082020042801ucp-102-m-15-978-0-520-97575-0030115978-0-520-97575-00610.1525/luminos.8701internal-reference10200EDE12110Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/0101Translating WisdomHindu-Muslim Intellectual Interactions in Early Modern South Asia1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng002780323User DefinedReligion23User DefinedAsian Studies12Yoga Vāsiṣṭha12South Asia12translation Indian philosophy12Hinduism12Islam12Sufism12Sanskrit12Arabic12Persian010110300<p>During the height of Muslim power in Mughal South Asia, Hindu and Muslim scholars worked collaboratively to translate a large body of Hindu Sanskrit texts into the Persian language. <i>Translating Wisdom</i> reconstructs the intellectual processes that underlay these translations. Using as a case study the 1597 Persian rendition of the Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha—an influential and popular Sanskrit philosophical tale—Shankar Nair illustrates how these early modern scholars drew upon their respective traditions to forge a common vocabulary through which to understand one another. These scholars thus achieved, Nair argues, a nuanced cultural exchange significant not only to South Asia’s past but also its present.</p><p>“An erudite and valuable contribution. Nair’s deep linguistic and philosophical expertise illuminates the writings of three important if overlooked seventeenth-century thinkers.” Supriya Gandhi, author of <i>The Emperor Who Never Was: Dara Shukoh in Mughal India</i></p><p>“Nair exhibits a breathtaking command of languages, textual traditions, and intellectual cultures in this pioneering study of the crisscrossing of Sanskrit, Persian, and Arabic cultural jet streams in sixteenth-century India.” Jonardon Ganeri, author of <i>The Lost Age of Reason: Philosophy in Early Modern India 1450–1700</i></p><p>“Shankar Nair examines a pivotal work of Mughal translation and shows how it channels huge vortexes of Islamic and Hindu intellectual culture. A masterwork.” John Stratton Hawley, author of <i>A Storm of Songs: India and the Idea of the Bhakti Movement</i></p><p>“A welcome addition to the history of Hindu and Islamic interactions in early modern India, highlighting the subtleties of translation and the painstaking creation of a vocabulary important for both religions.” Francis X. Clooney, Parkman Professor of Divinity, Harvard University</p><p>Shankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.</p>20200<p>During the height of Muslim power in Mughal South Asia, Hindu and Muslim scholars worked collaboratively to translate a large body of Hindu Sanskrit texts into the Persian language. <i>Translating Wisdom</i> reconstructs the intellectual processes that underlay these translations. Using as a case study the 1597 Persian rendition of the Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha—an influential and popular Sanskrit philosophical tale—Shankar Nair illustrates how these early modern scholars drew upon their respective traditions to forge a common vocabulary through which to understand one another. These scholars thus achieved, Nair argues, a nuanced cultural exchange significant not only to South Asia’s past but also its present.</p><p>“An erudite and valuable contribution. Nair’s deep linguistic and philosophical expertise illuminates the writings of three important if overlooked seventeenth-century thinkers.” Supriya Gandhi, author of <i>The Emperor Who Never Was: Dara Shukoh in Mughal India</i></p><p>“Nair exhibits a breathtaking command of languages, textual traditions, and intellectual cultures in this pioneering study of the crisscrossing of Sanskrit, Persian, and Arabic cultural jet streams in sixteenth-century India.” Jonardon Ganeri, author of <i>The Lost Age of Reason: Philosophy in Early Modern India 1450–1700</i></p><p>“Shankar Nair examines a pivotal work of Mughal translation and shows how it channels huge vortexes of Islamic and Hindu intellectual culture. A masterwork.” John Stratton Hawley, author of <i>A Storm of Songs: India and the Idea of the Bhakti Movement</i></p><p>“A welcome addition to the history of Hindu and Islamic interactions in early modern India, highlighting the subtleties of translation and the painstaking creation of a vocabulary important for both religions.” Francis X. Clooney, Parkman Professor of Divinity, Harvard University</p><p>Shankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.</p>30400Introduction
The Laghu-Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha and Its Persian Translation
Madhusūdana Sarasvatī and the Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha
Muḥibb Allāh Ilāhābādī and an Islamic Framework for Religious Diversity
Mīr Findiriskī and the Jūg Bāsisht
A Confluence of Traditions: The Jūg Bāsisht Revisited
Conclusion43000<p>During the height of Muslim power in Mughal South Asia, Hindu and Muslim scholars worked collaboratively to translate a large body of Hindu Sanskrit texts into the Persian language. <i>Translating Wisdom</i> reconstructs the intellectual processes that underlay these translations. Using as a case study the 1597 Persian rendition of the Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha—an influential and popular Sanskrit philosophical tale—Shankar Nair illustrates how these early modern scholars drew upon their respective traditions to forge a common vocabulary through which to understand one another. These scholars thus achieved, Nair argues, a nuanced cultural exchange significant not only to South Asia’s past but also its present.</p><p>“An erudite and valuable contribution. Nair’s deep linguistic and philosophical expertise illuminates the writings of three important if overlooked seventeenth-century thinkers.” Supriya Gandhi, author of <i>The Emperor Who Never Was: Dara Shukoh in Mughal India</i></p><p>“Nair exhibits a breathtaking command of languages, textual traditions, and intellectual cultures in this pioneering study of the crisscrossing of Sanskrit, Persian, and Arabic cultural jet streams in sixteenth-century India.” Jonardon Ganeri, author of <i>The Lost Age of Reason: Philosophy in Early Modern India 1450–1700</i></p><p>“Shankar Nair examines a pivotal work of Mughal translation and shows how it channels huge vortexes of Islamic and Hindu intellectual culture. A masterwork.” John Stratton Hawley, author of <i>A Storm of Songs: India and the Idea of the Bhakti Movement</i></p><p>“A welcome addition to the history of Hindu and Islamic interactions in early modern India, highlighting the subtleties of translation and the painstaking creation of a vocabulary important for both religions.” Francis X. Clooney, Parkman Professor of Divinity, Harvard University</p><p>Shankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.</p>52000Open Access01000302https://storage.googleapis.com/rua-ucp/files/media/cover_images/7538c50c-26ac-4d48-84d0-01ed17501b05.png1030610.1525/luminos.87.aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Introduction1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng12Religious Studies12Hinduism12Islam12religious interactions12intellectual cultures12network theory12historiography12000Open Access2030610.1525/luminos.87.bCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101The Laghu-Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha and Its Persian Translation1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng12Laghu Yoga Vāsiṣṭha12Jūg Bāsisht12Mughal Empire12translation12Kashmir Śaivism12Indian philosophy12000Open Access3030610.1525/luminos.87.cCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Madhusūdana Sarasvatī and the Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng12Madhusūdana Sarasvatī12Indian philosophy12Advaita Vedānta12Hinduism12Yoga Vāsiṣṭha12000Open Access4030610.1525/luminos.87.dCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Muḥibb Allāh Ilāhābādī and an Islamic Framework for Religious Diversity1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng12Muḥibb Allāh Ilāhābādī12Ibn al-‘Arabī12philosophical Sufism12Islamic philosophy12waḥdat al-wujūd12religious diversity12Mughal Empire12000Open Access5030610.1525/luminos.87.eCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Mīr Findiriskī and the Jūg Bāsisht1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng12Mīr Findiriskī12Jūg Bāsisht12Islamic philosophy12Peripatetic philosophy12Sufism12Safavid Empire12Mughal Empire12000Open Access6030610.1525/luminos.87.fCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101A Confluence of Traditions: The Jūg Bāsisht Revisited1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng12Laghu Yoga Vāsiṣṭha12Jūg Bāsisht12Mughal Empire12translation theory12Indian philosophy12Islamic philosophy12Sanskrit12Persian12Arabic12000Open Access7030610.1525/luminos.87.gCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Conclusion1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng12Religious Studies12cross-cultural philosophy12interreligious dialogue12Mughal Empire12translation12Orientalism12postcolonial theory12000Open Access01URLhttps://www.luminosoa.orgUniversity of California Press01University of California Press01Publisher’s corporate websitehttps://www.luminosoa.org02Publisher’s website for a specified workhttps://www.luminosoa.org/books/m/10.1525/luminos.87California040120200428The Author(s)02WORLD0615978-0-520-34568-3WORLD11Unknown36Supplier’s website for a specified workhttps://www.luminosoa.org29Supplier’s website: download the titlehttps://www.luminosoa.org/books/102/files/3b748a55-ce03-4781-b13b-b1f5830d390c.mobi20082020042801ucp-102-m-15-978-0-520-97575-0030115978-0-520-97575-00610.1525/luminos.8701internal-reference10200EBE10110Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/0101Translating WisdomHindu-Muslim Intellectual Interactions in Early Modern South Asia1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng002780323User DefinedReligion23User DefinedAsian Studies12Yoga Vāsiṣṭha12South Asia12translation Indian philosophy12Hinduism12Islam12Sufism12Sanskrit12Arabic12Persian010110300<p>During the height of Muslim power in Mughal South Asia, Hindu and Muslim scholars worked collaboratively to translate a large body of Hindu Sanskrit texts into the Persian language. <i>Translating Wisdom</i> reconstructs the intellectual processes that underlay these translations. Using as a case study the 1597 Persian rendition of the Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha—an influential and popular Sanskrit philosophical tale—Shankar Nair illustrates how these early modern scholars drew upon their respective traditions to forge a common vocabulary through which to understand one another. These scholars thus achieved, Nair argues, a nuanced cultural exchange significant not only to South Asia’s past but also its present.</p><p>“An erudite and valuable contribution. Nair’s deep linguistic and philosophical expertise illuminates the writings of three important if overlooked seventeenth-century thinkers.” Supriya Gandhi, author of <i>The Emperor Who Never Was: Dara Shukoh in Mughal India</i></p><p>“Nair exhibits a breathtaking command of languages, textual traditions, and intellectual cultures in this pioneering study of the crisscrossing of Sanskrit, Persian, and Arabic cultural jet streams in sixteenth-century India.” Jonardon Ganeri, author of <i>The Lost Age of Reason: Philosophy in Early Modern India 1450–1700</i></p><p>“Shankar Nair examines a pivotal work of Mughal translation and shows how it channels huge vortexes of Islamic and Hindu intellectual culture. A masterwork.” John Stratton Hawley, author of <i>A Storm of Songs: India and the Idea of the Bhakti Movement</i></p><p>“A welcome addition to the history of Hindu and Islamic interactions in early modern India, highlighting the subtleties of translation and the painstaking creation of a vocabulary important for both religions.” Francis X. Clooney, Parkman Professor of Divinity, Harvard University</p><p>Shankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.</p>20200<p>During the height of Muslim power in Mughal South Asia, Hindu and Muslim scholars worked collaboratively to translate a large body of Hindu Sanskrit texts into the Persian language. <i>Translating Wisdom</i> reconstructs the intellectual processes that underlay these translations. Using as a case study the 1597 Persian rendition of the Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha—an influential and popular Sanskrit philosophical tale—Shankar Nair illustrates how these early modern scholars drew upon their respective traditions to forge a common vocabulary through which to understand one another. These scholars thus achieved, Nair argues, a nuanced cultural exchange significant not only to South Asia’s past but also its present.</p><p>“An erudite and valuable contribution. Nair’s deep linguistic and philosophical expertise illuminates the writings of three important if overlooked seventeenth-century thinkers.” Supriya Gandhi, author of <i>The Emperor Who Never Was: Dara Shukoh in Mughal India</i></p><p>“Nair exhibits a breathtaking command of languages, textual traditions, and intellectual cultures in this pioneering study of the crisscrossing of Sanskrit, Persian, and Arabic cultural jet streams in sixteenth-century India.” Jonardon Ganeri, author of <i>The Lost Age of Reason: Philosophy in Early Modern India 1450–1700</i></p><p>“Shankar Nair examines a pivotal work of Mughal translation and shows how it channels huge vortexes of Islamic and Hindu intellectual culture. A masterwork.” John Stratton Hawley, author of <i>A Storm of Songs: India and the Idea of the Bhakti Movement</i></p><p>“A welcome addition to the history of Hindu and Islamic interactions in early modern India, highlighting the subtleties of translation and the painstaking creation of a vocabulary important for both religions.” Francis X. Clooney, Parkman Professor of Divinity, Harvard University</p><p>Shankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.</p>30400Introduction
The Laghu-Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha and Its Persian Translation
Madhusūdana Sarasvatī and the Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha
Muḥibb Allāh Ilāhābādī and an Islamic Framework for Religious Diversity
Mīr Findiriskī and the Jūg Bāsisht
A Confluence of Traditions: The Jūg Bāsisht Revisited
Conclusion43000<p>During the height of Muslim power in Mughal South Asia, Hindu and Muslim scholars worked collaboratively to translate a large body of Hindu Sanskrit texts into the Persian language. <i>Translating Wisdom</i> reconstructs the intellectual processes that underlay these translations. Using as a case study the 1597 Persian rendition of the Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha—an influential and popular Sanskrit philosophical tale—Shankar Nair illustrates how these early modern scholars drew upon their respective traditions to forge a common vocabulary through which to understand one another. These scholars thus achieved, Nair argues, a nuanced cultural exchange significant not only to South Asia’s past but also its present.</p><p>“An erudite and valuable contribution. Nair’s deep linguistic and philosophical expertise illuminates the writings of three important if overlooked seventeenth-century thinkers.” Supriya Gandhi, author of <i>The Emperor Who Never Was: Dara Shukoh in Mughal India</i></p><p>“Nair exhibits a breathtaking command of languages, textual traditions, and intellectual cultures in this pioneering study of the crisscrossing of Sanskrit, Persian, and Arabic cultural jet streams in sixteenth-century India.” Jonardon Ganeri, author of <i>The Lost Age of Reason: Philosophy in Early Modern India 1450–1700</i></p><p>“Shankar Nair examines a pivotal work of Mughal translation and shows how it channels huge vortexes of Islamic and Hindu intellectual culture. A masterwork.” John Stratton Hawley, author of <i>A Storm of Songs: India and the Idea of the Bhakti Movement</i></p><p>“A welcome addition to the history of Hindu and Islamic interactions in early modern India, highlighting the subtleties of translation and the painstaking creation of a vocabulary important for both religions.” Francis X. Clooney, Parkman Professor of Divinity, Harvard University</p><p>Shankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.</p>52000Open Access01000302https://storage.googleapis.com/rua-ucp/files/media/cover_images/7538c50c-26ac-4d48-84d0-01ed17501b05.png1030610.1525/luminos.87.aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Introduction1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng12Religious Studies12Hinduism12Islam12religious interactions12intellectual cultures12network theory12historiography12000Open Access2030610.1525/luminos.87.bCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101The Laghu-Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha and Its Persian Translation1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng12Laghu Yoga Vāsiṣṭha12Jūg Bāsisht12Mughal Empire12translation12Kashmir Śaivism12Indian philosophy12000Open Access3030610.1525/luminos.87.cCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Madhusūdana Sarasvatī and the Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng12Madhusūdana Sarasvatī12Indian philosophy12Advaita Vedānta12Hinduism12Yoga Vāsiṣṭha12000Open Access4030610.1525/luminos.87.dCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Muḥibb Allāh Ilāhābādī and an Islamic Framework for Religious Diversity1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng12Muḥibb Allāh Ilāhābādī12Ibn al-‘Arabī12philosophical Sufism12Islamic philosophy12waḥdat al-wujūd12religious diversity12Mughal Empire12000Open Access5030610.1525/luminos.87.eCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Mīr Findiriskī and the Jūg Bāsisht1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng12Mīr Findiriskī12Jūg Bāsisht12Islamic philosophy12Peripatetic philosophy12Sufism12Safavid Empire12Mughal Empire12000Open Access6030610.1525/luminos.87.fCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101A Confluence of Traditions: The Jūg Bāsisht Revisited1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng12Laghu Yoga Vāsiṣṭha12Jūg Bāsisht12Mughal Empire12translation theory12Indian philosophy12Islamic philosophy12Sanskrit12Persian12Arabic12000Open Access7030610.1525/luminos.87.gCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Conclusion1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng12Religious Studies12cross-cultural philosophy12interreligious dialogue12Mughal Empire12translation12Orientalism12postcolonial theory12000Open Access01URLhttps://www.luminosoa.orgUniversity of California Press01University of California Press01Publisher’s corporate websitehttps://www.luminosoa.org02Publisher’s website for a specified workhttps://www.luminosoa.org/books/m/10.1525/luminos.87California040120200428The Author(s)02WORLD0615978-0-520-34568-3WORLD11Unknown36Supplier’s website for a specified workhttps://www.luminosoa.org29Supplier’s website: download the titlehttps://www.luminosoa.org/books/102/files/b7f48e31-9263-4f60-9664-0759edca6a40.epub20082020042801ucp-102-m-15-978-0-520-34568-3030115978-0-520-34568-30610.1525/luminos.8701internal-reference10200BCB20210026in030.7in081.19931470528lb019inCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/0101Translating WisdomHindu-Muslim Intellectual Interactions in Early Modern South Asia1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng002780323User DefinedReligion23User DefinedAsian Studies12Yoga Vāsiṣṭha12South Asia12translation Indian philosophy12Hinduism12Islam12Sufism12Sanskrit12Arabic12Persian010110300<p>During the height of Muslim power in Mughal South Asia, Hindu and Muslim scholars worked collaboratively to translate a large body of Hindu Sanskrit texts into the Persian language. <i>Translating Wisdom</i> reconstructs the intellectual processes that underlay these translations. Using as a case study the 1597 Persian rendition of the Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha—an influential and popular Sanskrit philosophical tale—Shankar Nair illustrates how these early modern scholars drew upon their respective traditions to forge a common vocabulary through which to understand one another. These scholars thus achieved, Nair argues, a nuanced cultural exchange significant not only to South Asia’s past but also its present.</p><p>“An erudite and valuable contribution. Nair’s deep linguistic and philosophical expertise illuminates the writings of three important if overlooked seventeenth-century thinkers.” Supriya Gandhi, author of <i>The Emperor Who Never Was: Dara Shukoh in Mughal India</i></p><p>“Nair exhibits a breathtaking command of languages, textual traditions, and intellectual cultures in this pioneering study of the crisscrossing of Sanskrit, Persian, and Arabic cultural jet streams in sixteenth-century India.” Jonardon Ganeri, author of <i>The Lost Age of Reason: Philosophy in Early Modern India 1450–1700</i></p><p>“Shankar Nair examines a pivotal work of Mughal translation and shows how it channels huge vortexes of Islamic and Hindu intellectual culture. A masterwork.” John Stratton Hawley, author of <i>A Storm of Songs: India and the Idea of the Bhakti Movement</i></p><p>“A welcome addition to the history of Hindu and Islamic interactions in early modern India, highlighting the subtleties of translation and the painstaking creation of a vocabulary important for both religions.” Francis X. Clooney, Parkman Professor of Divinity, Harvard University</p><p>Shankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.</p>20200<p>During the height of Muslim power in Mughal South Asia, Hindu and Muslim scholars worked collaboratively to translate a large body of Hindu Sanskrit texts into the Persian language. <i>Translating Wisdom</i> reconstructs the intellectual processes that underlay these translations. Using as a case study the 1597 Persian rendition of the Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha—an influential and popular Sanskrit philosophical tale—Shankar Nair illustrates how these early modern scholars drew upon their respective traditions to forge a common vocabulary through which to understand one another. These scholars thus achieved, Nair argues, a nuanced cultural exchange significant not only to South Asia’s past but also its present.</p><p>“An erudite and valuable contribution. Nair’s deep linguistic and philosophical expertise illuminates the writings of three important if overlooked seventeenth-century thinkers.” Supriya Gandhi, author of <i>The Emperor Who Never Was: Dara Shukoh in Mughal India</i></p><p>“Nair exhibits a breathtaking command of languages, textual traditions, and intellectual cultures in this pioneering study of the crisscrossing of Sanskrit, Persian, and Arabic cultural jet streams in sixteenth-century India.” Jonardon Ganeri, author of <i>The Lost Age of Reason: Philosophy in Early Modern India 1450–1700</i></p><p>“Shankar Nair examines a pivotal work of Mughal translation and shows how it channels huge vortexes of Islamic and Hindu intellectual culture. A masterwork.” John Stratton Hawley, author of <i>A Storm of Songs: India and the Idea of the Bhakti Movement</i></p><p>“A welcome addition to the history of Hindu and Islamic interactions in early modern India, highlighting the subtleties of translation and the painstaking creation of a vocabulary important for both religions.” Francis X. Clooney, Parkman Professor of Divinity, Harvard University</p><p>Shankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.</p>30400Introduction
The Laghu-Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha and Its Persian Translation
Madhusūdana Sarasvatī and the Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha
Muḥibb Allāh Ilāhābādī and an Islamic Framework for Religious Diversity
Mīr Findiriskī and the Jūg Bāsisht
A Confluence of Traditions: The Jūg Bāsisht Revisited
Conclusion43000<p>During the height of Muslim power in Mughal South Asia, Hindu and Muslim scholars worked collaboratively to translate a large body of Hindu Sanskrit texts into the Persian language. <i>Translating Wisdom</i> reconstructs the intellectual processes that underlay these translations. Using as a case study the 1597 Persian rendition of the Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha—an influential and popular Sanskrit philosophical tale—Shankar Nair illustrates how these early modern scholars drew upon their respective traditions to forge a common vocabulary through which to understand one another. These scholars thus achieved, Nair argues, a nuanced cultural exchange significant not only to South Asia’s past but also its present.</p><p>“An erudite and valuable contribution. Nair’s deep linguistic and philosophical expertise illuminates the writings of three important if overlooked seventeenth-century thinkers.” Supriya Gandhi, author of <i>The Emperor Who Never Was: Dara Shukoh in Mughal India</i></p><p>“Nair exhibits a breathtaking command of languages, textual traditions, and intellectual cultures in this pioneering study of the crisscrossing of Sanskrit, Persian, and Arabic cultural jet streams in sixteenth-century India.” Jonardon Ganeri, author of <i>The Lost Age of Reason: Philosophy in Early Modern India 1450–1700</i></p><p>“Shankar Nair examines a pivotal work of Mughal translation and shows how it channels huge vortexes of Islamic and Hindu intellectual culture. A masterwork.” John Stratton Hawley, author of <i>A Storm of Songs: India and the Idea of the Bhakti Movement</i></p><p>“A welcome addition to the history of Hindu and Islamic interactions in early modern India, highlighting the subtleties of translation and the painstaking creation of a vocabulary important for both religions.” Francis X. Clooney, Parkman Professor of Divinity, Harvard University</p><p>Shankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.</p>52000Open Access01000302https://storage.googleapis.com/rua-ucp/files/media/cover_images/7538c50c-26ac-4d48-84d0-01ed17501b05.png1030610.1525/luminos.87.aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Introduction1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng12Religious Studies12Hinduism12Islam12religious interactions12intellectual cultures12network theory12historiography12000Open Access2030610.1525/luminos.87.bCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101The Laghu-Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha and Its Persian Translation1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng12Laghu Yoga Vāsiṣṭha12Jūg Bāsisht12Mughal Empire12translation12Kashmir Śaivism12Indian philosophy12000Open Access3030610.1525/luminos.87.cCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Madhusūdana Sarasvatī and the Yoga-Vāsiṣṭha1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng12Madhusūdana Sarasvatī12Indian philosophy12Advaita Vedānta12Hinduism12Yoga Vāsiṣṭha12000Open Access4030610.1525/luminos.87.dCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Muḥibb Allāh Ilāhābādī and an Islamic Framework for Religious Diversity1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng12Muḥibb Allāh Ilāhābādī12Ibn al-‘Arabī12philosophical Sufism12Islamic philosophy12waḥdat al-wujūd12religious diversity12Mughal Empire12000Open Access5030610.1525/luminos.87.eCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Mīr Findiriskī and the Jūg Bāsisht1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng12Mīr Findiriskī12Jūg Bāsisht12Islamic philosophy12Peripatetic philosophy12Sufism12Safavid Empire12Mughal Empire12000Open Access6030610.1525/luminos.87.fCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101A Confluence of Traditions: The Jūg Bāsisht Revisited1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng12Laghu Yoga Vāsiṣṭha12Jūg Bāsisht12Mughal Empire12translation theory12Indian philosophy12Islamic philosophy12Sanskrit12Persian12Arabic12000Open Access7030610.1525/luminos.87.gCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC-BY-NC-ND)02http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Chapter0101Conclusion1A01Shankar NairShankarNairUniversity of VirginiaShankar Nair is Assistant Professor in the Department of Religious Studies and the Department of Middle Eastern and South Asian Languages and Cultures at the University of Virginia.01eng12Religious Studies12cross-cultural philosophy12interreligious dialogue12Mughal Empire12translation12Orientalism12postcolonial theory12000Open Access01URLhttps://www.luminosoa.orgUniversity of California Press01University of California Press01Publisher’s corporate websitehttps://www.luminosoa.org02Publisher’s website for a specified workhttps://www.luminosoa.org/books/m/10.1525/luminos.87California040120200428The Author(s)02WORLD0615978-0-520-97575-00615978-0-520-97575-00615978-0-520-97575-0WORLD11Unknown20082020042808